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Chapter 12
Need for using the latest scientific techniques.
For example in the case of fingerprints the following technique would yield a valid print even in hostile conditions in which it is found:
Modern methods for foot printing:
1.Electrostatic technique:
Ø Dusty foot/foot wear print can be lifted
Ø Black vinyl sheet with aluminum foil is placed over the print.
Ø High voltage current of 1500 v is passed.
Ø Dust particles of the print are attracted towards the vinyl sheet.
Ø Photograph for permanent record.
2. Holography:[ laser]
Ø Developed by Dr Bradford
Ø Use of laser to locate print on floor carpet. While walking due to weight carpet feathers are compressed. So contour is left on the carpet. With laser record them on a photographic plate.
Ø Technique = holography
Ø Photograph = hologram.

DNA fingerprinting : In the case of body fluids DNA fingerprinting would yield a valid identification and match even when the specimen is miniscule. The identity of a rapist murderer or a burglar through DNA found in her blood saliva and semen is both reliable and foolproof of identity. DNA FP can also establish the parent hood in a case of disputed parentage.
Polygraph : In the case of modern methods of interrogation in high profile cases the lie detector would be of use. Polygraph is used to know the veracity of statement made by the suspect as to whether he is making statements which are true or false. In a pre test interview the apprehension about the mechanism is removed and information regarding non relevant questions to be put to the suspect are framed and explained to the suspect..
Skull super imposition: the identity of the missing person who subsequently dies can be established through the technique of skull superimposition. This requires latest passport size photo of the deceased and cleaned skull. An agreement between the land marks on the skull and anthropometric points are suggestive of possible identification.